菲利普·沃伦·安德森（Philip W. Anderson），伟大物理学家，于美国当地时间2020年3月29日逝世。在漫长的科研生涯中，其工作塑造了凝聚态物理学，并深刻影响了物理学的其他领域。

下文是安德森对其生平的自述。翻译自普林斯顿大学网站，标题为译者所加。

原文地址：https://phy.princeton.edu/people/philip-anderson

安德森生平自述

我是一位凝聚态理论学家，在40年左右的岁月中，我作为主要人物，奠定、塑造了这一领域（事实上，我相信是我和一个同事在1967年命名了这一领域——那时我们以此来命名我们在剑桥的课题组，而在这之前，这被称作“固态理论”）。在凝聚态理论之外的偶尔涉猎中，我与David Pines一起研究脉冲星自转突快，在1962年创造了“希格斯”玻色子。自1987年以来，我几乎只在“高温”超导领域工作，这是一个非常复杂和有争议的领域，我对此的贡献至少有持久之美誉。我于1997年从普林斯顿大学退休，成为荣休教授，自从1975年，我便一直在那里；不过，我在贝尔实验室的时间更久：1949—1984年。

I am a condensed matter theorist, a field in which I played the role of a major agenda-setter for 40 or so years (in fact I believe a colleague and I named the field in 1967 when we named our group in Cambridge--before that it was "solid state theory"). On occasional forays outside CMT I worked on pulsar glitches with David Pines and invented the "Higgs" boson in 1962. Since 1987 I have worked in that field almost exclusively on "High-Tc" superconductivity, a terribly complex and controversial field in which my contributions have at least the virtue of longevity. I became emeritus in 1997 at Princeton, where I have been since 1975; but my longest association was with Bell Labs 1949-84.

通过“自旋玻璃”这一凝聚态现象（我在1970年将其命名，并在1975年与Sam Edwards爵士一起提出了第一个理论），我进入圣菲研究所的世界。通过与Kirkpatrick和Palmer，后来与Stein的工作，我们意识到这是统计物理与复杂优化之间的一个重要联系；之后，它引发了众多工作：算法（模拟退火），计算复杂度，神经网络（Hopfield模型，等），“崎岖图景（rugged landscape）”上的演化。这是圣菲研究所早期“工具箱”的一部分，例如我们曾在1986年向花旗集团的John Reed展示过。

I got into the Santa Fe Institute universe via the condensed matter phenomenon of the "spin glass', which I named in 1970 and produced the first theory with Sir Sam Edwards in 1975. Via work with Kirkpatrick and palmer, and later Stein, we came to realise that this was an important link between statistical physics and complex optimisation, and in the latter guise it spawned algorithms(simulated annealing), work on computational complexity, on neural nets (the Hopfield model etc), and on evolution on rugged landscapes. This was part of the Santa Fe Institute "toolkit" in the early days which for instance we showed off to John Reed of Citicorp in 1986.

通过在剑桥大学的业余爱好研究，我对经济学产生了兴趣。我很高兴在1987年帮助组织了全球经济研讨会，挑选了一组科学家，与阿罗组织的十位经济学家尝试对话、合作，并显然取得了一些成功。我一直关注着经济学，尤其是帕累托分布，我有一篇这方面的论文，以及出现于很多论文的“致谢”中。

I also had developed an interest in economics via dilletantish studies in Cambridge, and was glad to help organise the global economy workshop in 1987, choosing a group of hard scientists to try to mesh with Arrow's ten economists, apparently with some success. I retain a watching interest in econ especially in pareto distributions on which I have one article and lots of acknowledgements.

一个更早的主题出现于我1971年的文章《多者异也》（More is Different），随后我写了一些科学认识论方面的文章。

An older theme arose from my 1971 article "More is Different", which I follow up by writing on topics in epistemology of science.

我的早期兴趣有：谱线展宽、磁性、对称性破缺、³He中的超流、输运理论和局域化、随机统计系统，以及生物起源前的演化。

My earlier interests included Spectral Line Broadening, Magnetism, Broken Symmetry, Superfluidity in ³He, Transport Theory and Localization, Random Statistical Systems, and Prebiotic Evolution.

2009年，我获得了清华大学的荣誉学位。同样在2009年，我获得了马里兰大学颁发的Prange Award。

In 2009, I received an honorary degree from Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. Also in 2009, I received the Prange Award from the University of Maryland.

R.I.P.

关于“墨子沙龙”

墨子沙龙是由中国科学技术大学上海研究院主办、上海市浦东新区科学技术协会及中国科大新创校友基金会协办的公益性大型科普论坛。沙龙的科普对象为对科学有浓厚兴趣、热爱科普的普通民众，力图打造具有中学生学力便可以了解当下全球最尖端科学资讯的科普讲坛。